8/19/2023 0 Comments Roman coins front and back![]() Still, there were enough in circulation so that the denarius of Julius Caesar is a contender for the Tribute Penny.Ībove, denarius of Tiberius. These coins were melted down and re-struck at the lower standard thus making the Empire a profit. However, they were becoming scarcer as the weight and purity standards for silver coins gradually declined. This would definitely give them enough time to make their way to the Eastern Provinces and we know they still circulated during the first century. Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC so his last coin minted would be about 90 years old by the time of Jesus ministry. But who’s image and inscription is on that denarius? Let’s look at the three contenders. So, it’s clear Mark doesn’t change denominations for his Roman readers. However, Mark later on at chapter 12:42 uses the correct monetary term of “two lepta” (eastern Judean coins) and then explains for his Roman readers “which is a quadrans”. On the surface, this may seem to make sense. They also claim that Mark wrote for a Roman audience and thus changed the denomination of the coin from either a tetradrachm or drachm to a denarius. This they claim, would make it unlikely that Jesus would receive a coin of Tiberius. They speculate that it would take years or even decades for denarii to make their way to Judea and the east. The Eastern Provinces used the Greek standard of drachms and tetradrachms. ![]() The argument is that denarii weren’t circulated in the east but were mainly used in Italy and the West. Some numismatists will argue that it must have been a coin of either Julius Caesar or Augustus but not of Tiberius. So, it is possible that the coin could have had any one of these men’s image since all three bore the name “Caesar”. But was it specifically a denarius of Tiberius?īy the time of Jesus ministry and his calling for the coin there had been three Caesars: Julius Caesar, his adopted son Octavian, later known as Augustus, and Augustus’ adopted son Tiberius. Since Wycliffe’s translation was the basis for many subsequent English translations, the term “Tribute Penny” became the common way to describe the coin Jesus asked for. In fact, it was about the same size as a Roman denarius and held approximately the same value. However, when John Wycliffe was translating the New Testament into English in the 1480’s he translated the Roman silver denarius as “Penny” which at the time was the current silver coin in circulation. Why is it called a “penny”? The original Greek text does indeed call it a denarius. It’s believed to be the coin because Tiberius was Emperor during Jesus ministry. The coin commonly thought to be the one brought to Jesus is the so-called Tribute Penny of Tiberius. What’s all the fuss about? Let’s look a little closer and examine the evidence. There are many theories about which Caesar’s image was on the coin and also which denomination of coin was brought to Jesus. There has been much debate amongst numismatists and historians about the above passage. ![]() Is it lawful to pay head tax to Caesar or not? Should we pay, or should we not pay?” Detecting their hypocrisy, he said to them: “Why do you put me to the test? Bring me a denarius to look at.” They brought one, and he said to them: “Whose image and inscription is this?” They said to him: “Caesar’s.” Jesus then said: “Pay back Caesar’s things to Caesar, but God’s things to God.” (Mark 12:13-17) On arriving, these said to him: “Teacher, we know you are truthful and you do not seek anyone’s favor, for you do not look at the outward appearance of people, but you teach the way of God in line with truth. Next they sent to him some of the Pharisees and of the party followers of Herod in order to catch him in his speech. Enjoy this in-depth look at the most famous coin in the Bible! Note from the editor: I am delighted to introduce to our readers an article by a special guest contributor! Jay Grande is a friend of the website, an avid Roman history enthusiast and a Biblical numismatist (specialist in the study of coins). ![]()
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